Research
For over two decades, Bruce and his team have been developing and utilizing computer, AI, and systems approaches, methods, models, and tools to help decision makers better understand and address complex systems in health and public health. This has included the research efforts described below and other initiatives described here.
Bruce has been the Principal Investigator for over $60 million in grants/contracts from a variety of organizations and agencies including the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research (AHRQ), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UNICEF, the Global Fund, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
Bruce and his PHICOR team have published over 295 publications in scientific peer-reviewed journals (e.g., The Lancet, Health Affairs, The New England Journal of Medicine, American Journal of Public Health, American Journal of Preventive Medicine) with Dr. Lee being first author for over 110 and last author for over 120 of them, most of which have been original research. Much of this research has involved working directly with a range of different local, state, national, and international decision-makers.
To find or sort these different scientific publications by topic, use the filtering option below and to the left.
The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
The value of decreasing the duration of the infectious period of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection
PLos Computational Biology
The benefits of vaccinating with the first available COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine
The benefits of vaccinating with the first available COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Lives and Costs Saved by Expanding and Expediting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination
Lives and costs saved by expanding and expediting coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination
Journal of Infectious Disease
Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study
Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study
Lancet Public Health
Estimated number of N95 respirators needed for healthcare workers in acute-care hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Estimated number of N95 respirators needed for healthcare workers in acute-care hospitals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
What if the influenza vaccine did not offer such variable protection?
What if the influenza vaccine did not offer such variable protection?
Vaccine efficacy needed for a COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine to prevent or stop an epidemic as the sole intervention
Vaccine efficacy needed for a COVID-19 coronavirus vaccine to prevent or stop an epidemic as the sole intervention
AJPM’s Paper of the Year 2020
The benefits to all of ensuring equal and timely access to influenza vaccines in poor communities
The benefits to all of ensuring equal and timely access to influenza vaccines in poor communities
Health Affairs
Would school closure for the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic have been worth the cost
Would school closure for the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic have been worth the cost
BMC Public Health
The potential healthcare cost and resource use associated with COVID-19 coronavirus in the United States
The potential healthcare cost and resource use associated with COVID-19 coronavirus in the United States
Health Affairs
The role of subway travel in an influenza epidemic: a New York City simulation
The role of subway travel in an influenza epidemic: a New York City simulation
Journal of Urban Health
Alternative vaccination locations: Who uses them and can they increase flu vaccination rates
Alternative vaccination locations: Who uses them and can they increase flu vaccination rates
Vaccine
A predictive model of the economic effects of an influenza vaccine adjuvant for the older adult (age 65 and over) population
A predictive model of the economic effects of an influenza vaccine adjuvant for the older adult (age 65 and over) population
Vaccine
Epidemiologic and economic impact of pharmacies as vaccination locations during an influenza epidemic
Epidemiologic and economic impact of pharmacies as vaccination locations during an influenza epidemic
Vaccine
Virtual epidemic in a virtual city: Simulating the spread of influenza in a United States metropolitan area
Virtual epidemic in a virtual city: Simulating the spread of influenza in a United States metropolitan area
From the patient perspective: the economic value of seasonal and H1N1 influenza vaccination
From the patient perspective: the economic value of seasonal and H1N1 influenza vaccination
A computer simulation of employee vaccination to mitigate an influenza epidemic
A computer simulation of employee vaccination to mitigate an influenza epidemic
Weekends as social distancing and their effect on the spread of influenza
Weekends as social distancing and their effect on the spread of influenza
An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine
An economic model assessing the value of microneedle patch delivery of the seasonal influenza vaccine
Quantifying the economic value and quality of life impact of earlier influenza vaccination
Quantifying the economic value and quality of life impact of earlier influenza vaccination
Predicting support for non-pharmaceutical interventions during infectious outbreaks: a four region analysis
Predicting support for non-pharmaceutical interventions during infectious outbreaks: a four region analysis
Geospatial analytics to evaluate point-of-dispensing sites for mass immunizations in Allegheny County
Geospatial analytics to evaluate point-of-dispensing sites for mass immunizations in Allegheny County
Preparedness for pandemics: Does variation among states affect the nation as a whole?
Preparedness for pandemics: Does variation among states affect the nation as a whole?
The Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst (RHEA): A simulation modeling tool to assist infectious disease control in a health system
The Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst (RHEA): A simulation modeling tool to assist infectious disease control in a health system
Modeling of cost effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination strategies in U.S. older adults
Modeling of cost effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination strategies in U.S. older adults
School closure as an influenza mitigation strategy: How variations in legal authority and plan criteria can alter the impact
School closure as an influenza mitigation strategy: How variations in legal authority and plan criteria can alter the impact
The economic value of a quadrivalent versus trivalent influenza vaccine
The economic value of a quadrivalent versus trivalent influenza vaccine
The comparative value of various employer-sponsored influenza vaccination clinics
The comparative value of various employer-sponsored influenza vaccination clinics
How influenza vaccination policy may affect vaccine logistics
How influenza vaccination policy may affect vaccine logistics
Long-term care facilities: Important participants of the acute care facility social network?
Long-term care facilities: Important participants of the acute care facility social network?
The potential economic value of a "universal" (multi-year) influenza vaccine
The potential economic value of a "universal" (multi-year) influenza vaccine
Cost effectiveness of adjuvanted vs. non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adult hemodialysis patients
Cost effectiveness of adjuvanted vs. non-adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adult hemodialysis patients
An outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in an elementary school in Pennsylvania
An outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in an elementary school in Pennsylvania
Economic model for emergency use authorization of intravenous peramivir
Economic model for emergency use authorization of intravenous peramivir
The impact of mass gatherings and holiday traveling on the course of an influenza pandemic: A computational model
The impact of mass gatherings and holiday traveling on the course of an influenza pandemic: A computational model
Cost effectiveness of dual influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in 50-year-olds
Cost effectiveness of dual influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in 50-year-olds
Vaccination deep into a pandemic wave potential mechanisms for a "third wave" and the impact of vaccination
Vaccination deep into a pandemic wave potential mechanisms for a "third wave" and the impact of vaccination
Economics of employer-sponsored workplace vaccination to prevent pandemic and seasonal influenza
Economics of employer-sponsored workplace vaccination to prevent pandemic and seasonal influenza
Seroprevalence following the second wave of pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza in Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Seroprevalence following the second wave of pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza in Pittsburgh, PA, USA
A computer simulation of vaccine prioritization, allocation, and rationing during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic
A computer simulation of vaccine prioritization, allocation, and rationing during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic
To test or to treat? An analysis of influenza testing and antiviral treatment strategies using economic computer modeling
To test or to treat? An analysis of influenza testing and antiviral treatment strategies using economic computer modeling
Simulating school closure strategies to mitigate an influenza epidemic
Simulating school closure strategies to mitigate an influenza epidemic
Modeling seasonality and viral mutation to predict the course of an influenza pandemic
Modeling seasonality and viral mutation to predict the course of an influenza pandemic
Protecting health care works: A pandemic simulation based on Allegheny County
Protecting health care works: A pandemic simulation based on Allegheny County
The timing of influenza vaccination for older adults (65 years and older)
The timing of influenza vaccination for older adults (65 years and older)
Antiviral medications for pregnant women for pandemic and seasonal influenza: An economic computer model
Antiviral medications for pregnant women for pandemic and seasonal influenza: An economic computer model